![]() In 1955, he retired from being Prime Minister. ![]() He was knighted in 1953, and became Sir Winston, and also won the Nobel Prize in Literature. However, he became Prime Minister again in 1951, which he was until 1955. ![]() In 1945, his Conservative party lost an election, and he stopped being Prime Minister. He had many meetings with Roosevelt and with Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union, after they came into the war. He persuaded Roosevelt to give supplies to Britain, and to help Britain. He was friends with the President of the United States, Franklin D. He made famous speeches that are still remembered today. Churchill was sure that Britain could win, and promised to continue the fight. Some people thought that Britain could not win the war, and that the British government should make peace with Hitler. Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain resigned on May 10 and Churchill was given the job. In 1940 the war was going badly for Britain. World War IIĪt the start of World War II, Churchill was again put in charge of the Navy. However, very few leaders agreed with him. When Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany, Churchill warned that Britain should strengthen its military and oppose Hitler. One was called Marlborough: his life and times, about his famous ancestor John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough another was A History of the English Speaking Peoples, which was not published until after World War 2. He was not given any job in the government. He became Chancellor of the Exchequer (Minister of Finance) in 1924.Īfter 1929, Churchill disagreed with many things the Conservative party believed in. In 1925 he joined the Conservative Party again. In 1924 he became a member of Parliament again, this time not as a member of any party. Soon after, in 1922 he lost in an election. In 1921 he was in charge of the colonies as Secretary of State. In 1920, he ordered the first air bombing in Africa when he bombed the Darwiish State, (also called Daraawiish State). Between the warsĪfter World War I, in 1919, Churchill was made Secretary of State for War, and Secretary of State for Air ( aircraft). In 1917 he was made minister in charge of military supplies (Minister of Munitions). He joined the army and was sent to fight in France, although he was still a Member of Parliament. He organized an invasion in Gallipoli which went wrong, and because of this, he was made to leave the government. When World War I broke out, he stayed in that job. In 1911 he was made First Lord of the Admiralty, which put him in charge of the Royal Navy. In 1910 Churchill became Home Secretary, one of the most important members of the government. He married Clementine Hozier in 1908, and had 5 children named Diana, Randolph, Sarah, Marigold and Mary. In 1904, he changed parties and joined the Liberal Party, but later returned to the Conservative Party. In 1900, he became a politician in the Conservative Party, and was elected to Parliament. He was captured by the Boers, but managed to escape. In 1899, he went to the Second Boer War in South Africa, to be a newspaper reporter. After this, he fought in a war in Sudan, in 1898 as an officer in the cavalry. In 1896, he was transferred to Bombay, in what was the Indian Empire ( British India). He did not get good results, but said he was good at fighting. He is the only British Prime Minister to have received the Nobel Prize.Īs a boy, Churchill went to the famous Harrow School. A million votes were cast, and the voting was heavily influenced by public campaigns for various candidates. In a 2002 BBC 2 television poll, Churchill was ranked as the greatest Briton in history. They were asked by BBC Radio 4's The Westminster Hour to rank the 19 prime ministers from Lord Salisbury at the turn of the century through to John Major in the 1990s. He was ranked as the greatest British prime minister of the twentieth century by 20 prominent historians, politicians and commentators. He won the Nobel Prize in literature in 1953.Ĭhurchill featured in two media polls. He was also a soldier, journalist, and author. He was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom twice, once during World War II, and again in the early 1950s.Ĭhurchill is the only person to have been a member of the British Government during both World Wars, and the last commoner (non-royal) to be granted a state funeral. Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill KG OM CH TD FRS PC (30 November 1874 – 24 January 1965) was an English politician. Secretary of State for the Home DepartmentĪ young Winston Churchill on a lecture tour of the United States in 1900 The Lord Chatfield (Coordination of Defence)
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